Reflexive Research Transformational and Charismatic Leadership

Question: Discuss about the Reflexive Research for Transformational and Charismatic Leadership. Answer: Introduction: A leadership style is about providing right direction to the people, implementing plans and motivating other people. The leadership style is one of the major factors that works behind the success of a business organization (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). In the business organizations, basically the managers are considered as the leaders of the organizations. They are responsible for managing all the people working within the organization. In this report, the different perspective of a manager and the leadership style has been evaluated. This is about the self reflection of the journey I have completed as a manager of a restaurant. Current role and responsibilities: At present, I am working as a manager of a restaurant in Australia. The key of getting success in the business of the restaurant is to provide the best customer services. As the manager, I have the responsibility of managing all the people who are working in the restaurant for providing the most superior services and fresh foods to the customers. The different role and responsibilities I have in the workplace are discussed in the following section: Recruitment and selection: I am the responsible person for recruitment and selection of the employees for the restaurant. The recruitment and selection of an employee for the restaurant is associated with selection of the right candidate who will be able to fulfill all the objective of the restaurant by applying his or her skills. Training: After selecting a candidate as an employee of the restaurant, professional training of the candidate is done under my supervision. Supervising: How the workforce of the restaurant are working in the workplaces is my another important job as the manager. I used to supervise the workers and taking proper actions regarding any wrong actions. I also used to give rewards to the employees for outstanding works. Menu planning: I used to plan the menu of the restaurant depending on the choice of the customers. The food habit of the customers are associated with the seasonal factors. I used to consider the weather conditions and festivals for deciding the menus in the restaurant. Promotional activities: In order to promote the services, I used plan promotional activities like special offers and advertisements. Maintaining health and safety: Health and safety maintenance for both the employees and the customers is very vital in the restaurant. As the manager of the restaurant, I used check each of the food items for hygiene and taste. I am also responsible for ensuring the health and safety of the employees while they are working within the workplace. Major challenges faced in the position: The main challenge faced in the job position currently I am working is the selection of the right people. The workers of a restaurant should have high level of communication skills for serving the customers in the best way. The behaviour of the employees is the main factors behind the success of the restaurant. In this context,, it has been found several time that the employees are failed to behave properly. I had to use strict actions against the employees. Another challenge I have faced in the role of the manager of the restaurant is the selection of the menu as per the customer preferences. Sometimes, I have failed to fulfill the demands of the customers. More understanding of the customers perception is required to get desired level of success in this job. Key aspects of the leadership style followed: The leadership style I have followed is transformational leadership. I am working with my subordinates to identify the requited changes in the restaurant. This is a kind of business, which needs frequent changes to match the demands of the customers. In order to provide the best customer service, it is very important to implement changes as per the demands of the customers. The bottom line employees interact with the customers and get the information regarding the perceptions of the customers and their expectations. I used to help the junior level employees to understand the responsibilities of the positions they are currently working (Van Dierendonck et al. 2014). I used to motivate the employees for getting better performance from them. I am following the reward and recognition system for motivating the employees. These help me to build a strong workforce for providing a great service to the customers. The rewards and recognitions are given based on the performances of the employee s. The job performance are analyzed based on certain performance indicators. Maximum values are given to the section of customer satisfaction while measuring the level of performance of the employees. My leadership style has been developed by following the style of the former manager of this restaurant. I used to work as a junior assistant in the restaurant when I have joined here. I have learned the way of managing people and organizing different types of activities in the restaurant from the manager. I am following the way learned from the transformational leadership which was followed by him within the context of the different types of activities of this restaurant. He introduced many changes in the operational environment of the restaurant. Many changes also done by me after being the manager of the restaurant. The changes are done with respect to the changes of the technology and the food habit of the target customers. The food processing system of the restaurant is updated with the hi-tech food processing systems in the last year. In order to operate the system properly staff training was required in the workplace. In this context, I have arranged a training program for the employees who will handle the system. Experts form the systems company gave a training of one week to the employees (Choudhar et al. 2013). The result of using the system was very good. The employees are able to produce healthy and tasty foods within a shorter time period with the help of the system. The main aspect behind these kinds of works of me is to provide something new for upgrading the operational environment and provide the best support to the employees to adapt the new changes (Wright et al. 2012). I used to understand the strength and weaknesses of individual employees and take necessary actions against them. I always used to do give proper support to the people require to develop themselves as a professional in this field. Feedback regarding the leadership style: As per the feedbacks given by my co-worker my leadership style is overall good but I have some problems with my behaviour. According to him, sometimes I become too strict against the employees and lose my patience level. This happen when I found some problems in the works of the employees which may affect the customers perception regarding the services of the restaurant. Another negative feedback I got regarding the decision-making criteria. I have tried my level best to take suitable decisions regarding the operations of the restaurant by considering the concern of all the employees. However, I have got the feedback that I need to take concern of the employees regarding the decision making for increasing the customer satisfaction rate as the employees are more close to the customers than me. Implications of the feedbacks: The implications of the feedbacks are in the area of the employee satisfaction and retention rate. The negative feedbacks got regarding the behavioral aspect create negative impact on the employees, which is not good for the overall success of the restaurant. I need to give focus in this area for holding more patience at the time of taking actions against the poor quality of work. The decision making error is a big mistake of my leadership style. It has been fund that the decisions taken by me were not highly successful all the time. Especially the selection of the menu failed many time to attract the customers at the expected level. I need to give more focus in this area and need to take concerns from all the front level employees who are responsible to handle the customer directly. Application of the leadership theories and models for solving the implications: The theory of transformational leadership style is saying that the leader should highly co-operative to the employees. I have followed this rule to some extent but as I got the negative feedbacks regarding this, it can be considered that there are some problems in this area. I have to follow the core concept of the leadership style I am following as the manager of the restaurant. The theory of transformational leadership style is also stating that the leader should take necessary steps for align all the followers to the goal for getting the maximum performance (Roueche et al. 2014). In order to align all the employees to the workplace activities of the restaurant, I need to work with them with more dedication and patience. The behaviour of the leader is an important aspect of the overall success of an organization (Garca-Morales et al. 2012). In order to fix the problem regarding the behavior towards the employees, I need to increase my patience level. I can do meditation for this pu rpose. The transformational leadership style is also stating that the followers need to be allowed to take part in some organizational activities and decision making process for being more aligned with the workplaces activities. The employees should be motivated to the level at which they may be able to think beyond of their self-interests to the corporate objectives of the organization (Braun et al. 2013). The persuasive appeals of the employees should also be taken into consideration based on the causes at the time of decision-making. I am responsible person for this in the workplace I am currently working. This can be accomplished by arranging periodic meetings with the employees and allowing them to represent their viewpoints regarding the current approaches taken by the management (Leithwood and Sun 2012). I should evaluate the problems faced by the employees with the current approaches and then proper actions should be taken for resolving the issues (Carter et al. 2013). At the time o f taking decisions, the overall benefits of all the employees should be taken into consideration. In the context of the transformational leadership style, maintaining the morals and ethical considerations is highly important. In this context, I need to provide equal opportunities to all the employees. I also need to focus in the area of the quality of the food products. The health consciousness of the customers should be taken into consideration while processing the foods (Grant 2012). The employees should get all the required facilities for maintaining the health and security at the workplaces. Conclusion: In this report the self reflection about my work as a manager of restaurant have been discussed. As a manager of the restaurant I am working quite successfully. I am responsible person for recruiting new people, provide them proper training, improving the overall process of the restaurant, menu planning, motivating the employees. As the leadership style I am using the transformational leadership in my workplace. I have tried to maintain all the aspects of the leadership style. However, all my works were not able to have the same level of success. I have got some negative feedbacks regarding my works also. I used the feedbacks form one of muy co-worker for understanding the overall aspect of leadership in my workplace. The negative feedbacks given by him are valid enough to affect my leadership and overall status of the restaurant. I need to improve the concerned area. The theory of transformational leadership is evaluated again in the last section of the report for understanding the necessary steps for resolving the issues of my leadership style. References: Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), pp.270-283. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. and Mossholder, K.W., 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(7), pp.942-958. Choudhary, A.I., Akhtar, S.A. and Zaheer, A., 2013. Impact of transformational and servant leadership on organizational performance: A comparative analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), pp.433-440. Garca-Morales, V.J., Jimnez-Barrionuevo, M.M. and Gutirrez-Gutirrez, L., 2012. Transformational leadership influence on organizational performance through organizational learning and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), pp.1040-1050. Grant, A.M., 2012. Leading with meaning: Beneficiary contact, prosocial impact, and the performance effects of transformational leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), pp.458-476. Leithwood, K. and Sun, J., 2012. The nature and effects of Transformational school leadership a meta-analytic review of unpublished research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), pp.387-423. Roueche, P.E., Baker III, G.A. and Rose, R.R., 2014. Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N. and Alkema, J., 2014. Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), pp.544-562. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. and Pandey, S.K., 2012. Pulling the levers: Transformational leadership, public service motivation, and mission valence. Public Administration Review, 72(2), pp.206-215.

Legalize The Weed Essay Example For Students

Legalize The Weed Essay Marijuana is the flower of the cannabis plant, and if smoked, gives the smoker an euphoric high, but really has much more to offer than just the high. Using marijuana and the growing of hemp are presently illegal in the United States, with the exception of medicinal uses in some states. The legalization of marijuana has many advantages including for simple personal enjoyment, the usage of hemp and its by-products, and medicinal purposes. Why should marijuana be illegal when people just use it to help themselves enjoy their lives more? Tobacco and alcohol are both used, and abused for the same reasons, but with many more negative side effects than pot. Governments surveys indicate more than 70 million Americans have smoked marijuana at some point in their lives, and that 18-20 million have smoked during the last year (Rose, 1). Marijuana has no solid negative effects, and the U.S National Institute of Drug Abuses bureau of mortality statistics report that per year there are zero death s caused by marijuana. In comparison tobacco causes 400,000 deaths, where alcohol causes 100,000 (Rose, 1). People generally believe that marijuana is addicting, but marijuana is not a narcotic and is not a mentally or physically addicting drug. One can use mild cannabis preparations such as marijuana in small amounts for years without physical or mental deterioration (Adams 1). People who smoke marijuana feel relaxed and sociable, tend to laugh a great deal, and lose the sense of time. Those under the influence of marijuana also do show loss of coordination and have an impaired ability to perform skilled acts. As long as people dont drive, or operate heavy machinery, these effects although maybe not positive, are certainly not negative. It should be up to the individual if they want to enjoy marijuana. America is supposed to be a free country, where everyone has basic human rights, including privacy. What happened to the Declaration of Independence speaking of every citizens right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Why is a plant that was proclaimed by Popular Mechanics magazine to have the potential to be manufactured into more than 25,000 different environmentally friendly products being systematically withheld from U.S. farmers? (Popular Mechanics Magazine, 238-239). The reason is simply because hemp has a small tie to the feared marijuana, but in essence is completely different containing virtually no THC (the active ingredient of marijuana.) Hemp is possibly one of the strongest crops in nature, depending on the part of the plant it can be used for clothing, textiles, paint, plastics, cosmetics, insulation and even animal feed. It can also be used to make paper, where one acre will equal the amount of four acres of trees. In addition, hemp has an average growing cycle of only 100 days and leaves the soil virtually weed-free for the next planting (NORML, 1). Also there is the hemp seed, which some refer to as natures perfect food. The oil from hemp seeds has the highest percentage of essent ial fatty acids and the lower percentage of saturated fats than any food, and also is second only to soy in protein content. Steps are being made to at least legalize the use of hemp, for there are really no disadvantages in growing it. In 1996, politicians in four states introduced legislation allowing for domestic hemp cultivation and by legislative sessions end, both Hawaii and Vermont had passed measures promoting industrial hemp research. (NORML, 1). .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .postImageUrl , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:hover , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:visited , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:active { border:0!important; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:active , .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a1a65468d3cba0a293ecd7f18a5e2cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love And Color EssayMarijuana is now legal for medicinal purposes due to Proposition 215 in California, and Proposition 200 in Arizona. Also, the House has introduced bill 912, The medical use of marijuana act. People with specified physical pains such as headaches, arthritis, and others can now legally use marijuana. If someone is really upset or depressed, marijuana could help him or her calm down and get into a better mood so they can enjoy the rest of their day. Marijuana could be used to cure manic-depressives and would have fewer side effects than current medication used. Clinical and anecdotal evidence also points to

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Importance of Being Earnest#8221; by Oscar Wilde

Analytical Essay Sample on #8220;The Importance of Being Earnest#8221; by Oscar Wilde Oscar Wildes farcical comedy The Importance of Being Earnest is subtitled A Trivial Comedy for Serious People. The playwright himself penned this, so the reader is inevitably inclined to ask himself whether this deprecating subtitle is accurate. Despite the simple humor, the play is not trivial, but rather a biting and relevant social commentary on Victorian era values and principles that undoubtedly serious people can decipher within the lines of the comedy without feeling threatened about their own beliefs. In fact, the title of the play alone gives the reader some inclination as to what the story is about; the importance of being serious and resolute, which not coincidentally are two of the most important Victorian ideals. First performed in London in 1895, The Importance of Being Earnests plot centers on two couples who must overcome many hilarious obstacles on their journey to marriage. The play was critically acclaimed from its first performance and was instantly accepted by the public; a foreshadowing of the stories timelessness. Underlying the story line, Wilde illustrates the polite conventions and restrictions of Victorian society (Worth 126). This is aptly by Wilde in his droll depictions of aristocratic British men and women at the end of the nineteenth century. Despite his critical tone, Wilde does not alienate the members of his audience, but rather sheds light on the absurdity of societal traditions, such as courtship, engagement and marriage, while at the same time reaffirming the beliefs of his audience. To explore Wildes criticism of the absurdity of British culture and its implications in modern life, one must first examine the characters and plot of The Importance of Being Earnest. The two central figures are Jack and Algernon who are friends in spite of their seemingly artificial oppositions. Jack is a responsible, serious man who firmly announces his intentions of marrying Gwendolyn from the very beginning of the play. Algernon, on the other hand, is depicted as a sly, deceptive, yet likeable man who according to his aunt, has nothing, but looks everything (Wilde, act 3, 497). The two men, who the audience later discovers are brothers, are actually not as different as they first appear. Outwardly, they act very differently and constantly criticize one another on his actions, but in reality, both have the same ulterior motive and acts solely for his own benefit. Jack pretends to have a brother so that he may travel to London to see Gwendolyn. Similarly, Algernon, despite his claim that marriage is extremely problematic (act 1, 446), pretends to be Jacks brother so that he may journey to the countryside to see Cecily, the girl he has never met but wishes to marry. Both men pretend to be named Ernest in order to impress Gwendolyn and Cecily (obviously another pun on the title of the play). Hilarity ensues in both action and dialogue in terms of what the characters continually call nonsense. Jack and Algernon both pursue women who could be labeled modern women (relative to the contemporary Victorian woman). Gwendolyn is well educated and very opinionated in her beliefs, as evidenced by her desire to not be labeled perfect because that would limit her intentions to develop in many directions (act 1, 441). Likewise, Cecily, while not as well educated, is steadfast in what she wants from Algernon, such as her insistence that his name be Ernest. Gwendolyn and Cecily create much of the comedic elements of the play through their relentless demands of Jack and Algernon. For instance, when in act three the women discover the deceptions of Jack and Algernon, they do not submissively forgive the mens antics, but rather refuse to speak to either man until he delivers an adequate explanation and apology. These young men about town and revolting daughters (15), called so by critic Peter Raby, create a distinct dichotomy to the stern Lady Bracknell and Miss Prism, Cecilys governess. There is a sense of old society versus new society whenever Jack, Algernon, Gwendolyn, and Cecily interact with the older characters. As Gwendolyns mother and Algernons aunt, Lady Bracknell is excessively concerned with image and money. When she hears of Jacks desire to marry Gwendolyn, she questions him about his financial wellbeing and his personal habits. She is offended when she discovers that Jack has been adopted because it displays contempt for the ordinary decencies of family life (act 1, 450). Despite Jacks protest that his parental status has nothing to do with Gwendolyns happiness, Lady Bracknell refuses to give her approval of the engagement because in her superficial world, everyone is forced to live in an age of surfaces (act 3, 495). To Lady Bracknell, marriage has nothing to do with love and affection, but rather solely relies on the respectable social image that is created. Lady Bracknell is the stereotypical Victorian woman whose utmost concern is outward appearances and societal impressions. Money, status, and manners are the only necessities in life, without which one is destined to become associated with the detestable lower classes. In addition to Lady Bracknells archaic beliefs, Miss Prism and Doctor Chasuble also illustrate conventional Victorian ideals. It is evident that the two are in love, but repress their emotions because unruly behavior is not proper. Their relationship is an obvious contrast to Jack and Gwendolyns and Algernon and Cecilys, who admittedly are guilty of nonsense and reckless extravagance (act 1, 436). Surprisingly, in act three, the audience discovers that Miss Prism is the author of a novel of revolting sentimentality (act 3, 502) and more shockingly is an unwed mother. These revelations about Miss Prism blatantly contrast with Victorian acceptability. In spite of her deviations, Doctor Chasuble professes his love for her. This is yet another way in which Wilde portrays modern relationships and love. With his depictions of Bracknell and Miss Prism, Wilde creates an obvious paradigm between what a proper woman should be. Through their characters he is mocking the Victorian standard for woman because the audience can see that Gwendolyn and Cecily are truly the better women in thought and action. These ground-breaking elements contrast and spoof Victorian ideals, yet are subtle and humorous enough that the audience (especially at the time of the plays debut) is not offended by the plot or the characters. In todays world, there is nothing offensive about The Importance of Being Earnest, but it is necessary to keep in mind that compared to contemporary plays and novels, this is somewhat more modern. It still has the classic elements of a story line of that period: male-oriented, god-fearing, white, moneyed, and aristocratic (Raby 7). Although a majority of the characters live entirely for pleasure, the audience can still relate and enjoy the play. In such a hierarchical society where white men dominate, Wilde is careful not to offend or marginalize his target audience while launching a social critique. According to interviews (taken at the time of the plays production), Wilde adamantly insisted that The Importance of Being Earnest is not realistic because Realism is only a background, it cannot form an artistic motive for a play that is to be a work of art (39). In other words, reality has no bearing in his art, which perhaps is why he included the word trivial in his title. However, in relation to the play, is it accurate to say that reality is completely separate from art? Obviously Wilde recognized the absurdity of Victorian culture; otherwise, he could not have created a play whose humor is so relevant to both its contemporary and present-day audiences. The dialogue between characters, not the actions, is what makes The Importance of Being Earnest so humorous and transcendental (77). The characters revelations are true and consequently the farce is extremely comical. The Importance of Being Earnest set many precedents. It is one of the first plays to deal with modern issues, such as the New Woman. Wilde influenced many other artists to explore and critique societal norms and their ridiculousness. The Importance of Being Earnest will withstand the test of time through its satirical comedy and relevance to all audiences, because all audiences and readers, regardless of the time period, can relate to love, marriage, and the absurdity of society.

Free Essays on Egypt In Stone

"The message of the work of art had to be clear: everyone from scribes to peasants had to understand at first glance that the great image of the pharaoh was a sign of his limitless power." The Egyptians did not understand art as it is defined today. They had no word for art. Egyptians paintings and sculpture served as a means to a religious end, specifically to house a spirit of a person or deity. For over three thousand years the Egyptians kept and used a recommended set of rules as to how a work of art in three dimensions should be presented. Egyptian art was very symbolic. Of the materials used by the Egyptian sculptor clay, wood, metal, ivory, and stone stone was the best. It was available in many colors and hardness. Sculpture was often painted in stunning colors as well. Egyptian sculpture has two qualities that are different; it can be characterized as cubic and frontal. The sculpture nearly always copies the shape of the stone cube or block from which it was made, mostly, because it was an image made from four viewpoints. The front of almost every statue is the most important part and the figure sits or stands facing strictly to the front. The Egyptian artists were unable to create a naturalistic looking sculpture, but it is clear that this was not the intention. Most artwork was done for the pharaoh or his wealthy government officials. The large works of sculpture were often displayed at temples, which the pharaoh would build to his taste. Sculptures were stiff, formal, and serious looking. The Egyptians did not aim for realistic replica, but instead wanted to present a powerful image. Egyptians used the size of their sculptures to show the social order. The pharaoh was larger then life size, scribes and court officials were life size, and workers and peasants always shown working. Many of the smaller statues were constructed out of slate, which allowed them to survive over time. In the royal graveyard at Giza, a... Free Essays on Egypt In Stone Free Essays on Egypt In Stone "The message of the work of art had to be clear: everyone from scribes to peasants had to understand at first glance that the great image of the pharaoh was a sign of his limitless power." The Egyptians did not understand art as it is defined today. They had no word for art. Egyptians paintings and sculpture served as a means to a religious end, specifically to house a spirit of a person or deity. For over three thousand years the Egyptians kept and used a recommended set of rules as to how a work of art in three dimensions should be presented. Egyptian art was very symbolic. Of the materials used by the Egyptian sculptor clay, wood, metal, ivory, and stone stone was the best. It was available in many colors and hardness. Sculpture was often painted in stunning colors as well. Egyptian sculpture has two qualities that are different; it can be characterized as cubic and frontal. The sculpture nearly always copies the shape of the stone cube or block from which it was made, mostly, because it was an image made from four viewpoints. The front of almost every statue is the most important part and the figure sits or stands facing strictly to the front. The Egyptian artists were unable to create a naturalistic looking sculpture, but it is clear that this was not the intention. Most artwork was done for the pharaoh or his wealthy government officials. The large works of sculpture were often displayed at temples, which the pharaoh would build to his taste. Sculptures were stiff, formal, and serious looking. The Egyptians did not aim for realistic replica, but instead wanted to present a powerful image. Egyptians used the size of their sculptures to show the social order. The pharaoh was larger then life size, scribes and court officials were life size, and workers and peasants always shown working. Many of the smaller statues were constructed out of slate, which allowed them to survive over time. In the royal graveyard at Giza, a...

Discussion - Pathology of the Cardiovascular System Essay

Discussion - Pathology of the Cardiovascular System - Essay Example Common symptoms include discomfort, aching, burning, pain, and fatigue in the lower muscles of the feet, thighs or calves. The symptoms at first may appear only during long walking distances, walking uphill or when walking faster. They then become persistent even with little or no exercise involving the legs. The legs become numb when the individual rests and the skin appearance turns pale. The touch of the legs is usually cold. Severe cases of PAD may lead to ulcers that do not heal, impotence, extreme pain when the legs are elevated and improvement when they are dangled, pain in the toes or feet even at the weight of bed sheets. The signs include loss of hair in the affected leg or feet, weak or no pulse in the limbs and a whooshing sound when a stethoscope examines the artery. In extreme cases, the signs are thick toenails, cyanosis, and shrinking of the calf muscles. Individuals’ self-care like balancing exercises and rest, reducing weight, quitting smoking, controlling blood pressure and monitoring blood sugar levels helps treat PAD. Medications like Aspirin or Clopidogrel, Cilostazol and pain relievers are used. In extremes, surgery may be performed with the options of peripheral artery bypass of the leg or angioplasty and stent placement of the

Language learning experiences of year 10 & 11 Dissertation

Language learning experiences of year 10 & 11 - Dissertation Example The research methodology explained various elements of the methodology and based on the selection of anti-positivism philosophy and inductive research approach; primary data were collected in the form of interviews being conducted on 20 students and one teacher of Manningtree High School, Colchester Road, Essex and observational study on 20 students of Colchester Academy School, Hawthorn Avenue, Essex. Findings suggested that majority of students understand the importance and significance of foreign languages but lack motivation. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the government and schools need to work in tandem in order to motivate students along with highlighting the benefits and advantages of foreign language learning within the secondary school setup. ... Sampling 24 3.7: Interview Questions 24 3.8 Observational Study 25 3.9: Ethical Considerations 25 3.10: Summary 25 Chapter 4.0 Findings and Analysis 26 4.1 Introduction 26 4.2 Interview Analysis 26 4.3: Interview Analysis of Teacher 39 4.4: Observational Study 40 4.4: Summary 41 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations 42 5.1 Introduction 42 5.2: Conclusion 42 5.3: Recommendations for Foreign Language Learning 44 5.4: Recommendations for Future Research 44 5.5: Summary 45 REFERENCES 46 APPENDIX 50 A. Interview Letter 50 B. Consent Form 51 C. Interview Transcript for Students 52 D. Interview Transcript for the Teacher 61 CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 1.1: Introduction Language can be described as a systematic mean of communication and holds great importance at every level of personal and professional development. Every country has its native language that is spoken by the people living in it without any difficulty considering the fact that the culture and people around help in learning the native language from an early age. However, learning a foreign language is always a stringent task considering the difference in alphabets and phonetics. However, learning a foreign language is always an additional advantage as it offers understanding over a new culture and language. Language learning is a process that helps learners to learn about new things and cultures. Moreover, learning a foreign language offers great confidence and awareness that can be further used in future endeavors. The chapter offers an overview of the research topic that aims to explore the language learning experience of year ten and eleven. It can be said that learning does not

Book Review: Todd Landman. Protecting Human Rights

Book Review: Todd Landman. Protecting Human Rights Book Review Todd Landman. Protecting Human Rights: A Comparative Study. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2005. 231 pp. $29.95 (paper), ISBN 1-58901-063-9. The post World War II era dawned a new age of countries not only willing to adopt human rights practices but showed the necessity to do so due to the horrific occurrences during the war. Todd Landman discusses how international law and human rights had begun and grown since the war along with the disappearance of authoritarianism and the welcoming of global democracy. In his book, Landman seeks to discover if the nation-states participating in the international human rights regime constrain and limit their behavior in order to protect the sanctity of the rights of individuals. He conducts his study through a global comparative method and quantitative analysis to assess the growth and effectiveness of the international human rights regime. Landman begins his study with a beautiful yet explanatory narrative of the turn of the century and the birth of the international human rights regime after World War II. He discusses how countries were more than willing to turn away from authoritarianism and imperialist regimes and welcome democracy as their new form of government. He states that this is an important turning point in human rights history as it subsequently led to the development of several human rights oriented organizations thus leading to the ability to conduct the study as it gathers information from a total of 193 countries. Landman then continues by stating what exactly he is studying and how he is conducting the study. In its essence, Landman aims to study a theory-driven empirical analysis of the growth and effectiveness of the international human rights regime (6). He successfully does this by conducting a study using a pooled cross-sectional time-series data set of 193 countries over 25 years that yielded 4,825 observations with his goal of hoping to understand how the international human rights regime has evolved over this time and whether or not it has had an impact on human rights practices. From a methodological standpoint, Landman conducts flawless statistical studies by drawing on other scholars previous statistical work to add to the value and validity of his own. Landman uses several small-N, large-N, bivariate, multivariate, studies, along with numerous table, graphs, and charts to visualize his findings. He does so with an exceptional explanation of each as he tries to put into laments terms what exactly he is studying as the statistical numbers and graphs can be daunting to the untrained eye. His first study consisted of measuring human rights and the conceptualization of it based on a legal framework of the term and how it is surrounded by a series of methodological problems like precision, reliability, validity, equivalence, and aggregation, as he notes that although there is a universal definition of human rights one can look up, human rights isnt always universal in definition to one another and this can account for human rights violations occurrences. He outlines how he measures human rights in practice and in principle, then lays out the explanatory and control variables he will use for the following studies within the book. The author takes an in-depth approach in the following chapters after the setup of the study itself and it is necessary to do so considering how rigorous his studies are. He is really only trying to see the growth and effectiveness of the human rights regime across space and time but does so with a very sophisticated approach. He uses several different statistical models to test whether countries have ratified treaties or not, which countries are democratic, when did the become democractic, and their variables: wealth, IGOs, INGOs, trade, Civil War, International War, and population. He explains that these variables are necessary to try and understand the human rights violations over time as they directly affect a country and their human rights occurrences. Throughout the book, Landman does an excellent job of explaining the statistical models he uses and the actual pictures of every single one guides the reader in their further understanding of the complicated material. His one fault is that the models may be too sophisticated for some readers in terms of the bivariate correlation matrices included in the studies. While they are necessary to his study, perhaps he could have broken down the tables even further to account for those who do not have a mathematical background. Through his intense and complex study, Landman sought to understand the mutual relationship between the norms of human rights, country participation, and the degree to which that participation makes a difference for human rights protection (159). Landmans real strength is in explaining his findings through his complex studies. He argues that his analysis focuses on global patterns of variations of general relationships between international law and state practice, and that the gap between human rights in principle and in practice is where the problem lies. Landman successfully argues his point and I am convinced by the surplus of evidence he provides. He answers his research question of what accounts for the effectiveness of human rights over space and time and does so in an eloquent and scientific manner.